Biotropic : The Journal of Tropical Biology

Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Mikroorganisme Endofit Akar Ginseng Jawa (Talinum paniculatum Gaertn.) Yang Diberi Perlakuan Perbedaan Ketersedian Air

Visi Tinta Manik — 2023-02-28

A medicinal plant known as Java ginseng (Talinum paniculatum Gaertn.) may thrive in a variety of water availability situations. The quantity of endophytic bacteria a plant contains affects its capacity to survive in stressful environments. The objective of this study was to identify and separate endophytic bacteria from Javanese ginseng roots that had undergone various water availability treatments. A description method was utilized, in which isolated isolates were given morphological descriptions, assessed for similarity indexes, and then categorized. Endophytic microbe abundance and diversity varied according to this study, but plants treated with water scarcity displayed higher abundance and diversity. While endophytes of plant origin treated with 60% field capacity (FC) had the maximum diversity, root samples treated with 80% (FC) had the highest microbial abundance. Ten species groupings were created from the 42 isolated isolates based on a coefficient value of > 70%.

Karakteristik Bakteri Pendegradasi Bahan Pangan Asal Saluran Pencernaan Kecoa Amerika (Periplaneta americana) dari Pasar Tradisional

Dwiana Muflihah Yulianti — 2023-03-26

American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) is one of the most common pests found in houses, apartments, and public facilities such as markets. As vector insects, cockroaches have symbiosis with microorganisms. Some of these microorganisms can live in cockroaches' cuticles and digestive tracts. Besides being able to pose a danger to human health, the microbes in cockroach bodies also have the potential to cause food damage. This study aimed to determine the diversity of microorganisms originating from the digestive tract of the American cockroach and their potential to cause food spoilage. The research was conducted in several stages: sampling cockroaches at a traditional market, isolating bacteria from the digestive tract of cockroaches, qualitatively testing amylolytic, proteolytic, and lipolytic potentials, and characterizing bacterial isolate by morphologically and biochemically character. The results showed that there were 26 isolates of bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of American cockroaches from the market, 62.96% of the isolates were found to have the ability to degrade protein, 37.04% of the isolates had the ability to degrade starch, and 40.74% of the total isolates can degrade fat. These isolates had various morphological and biochemical characteristics. Bacterial isolates derived from American cockroaches from traditional markets have the potential to degrade food.

Keragaman Morfologi Bakteri Nitrifikasi Asal Kompos Kotoran Domba pada Peternakan Domba dengan Sistem Bedding

Sri Martina Wiraswati — 2023-03-26

The application of compost bedding system on sheep farm is a technology to minimize the negative impact of sheep manure waste toward environment. The microorganisms which inhabit the compost bedding, especially nitrifying bacteria are expected to have significant role in odor emission reduction which become environmental problem around the sheep farm. This study aims to analyze the abundance and diversity of nitrifying bacteria of compost bedding obtained from sheep farm which have important role in reducing odor emission of ammonia. The 12 days, 1 and 1,5 months old of compost bedding samples were obtained from sheepfold, while 3 and 4 months old of compost samples were obtained from compost pile. Furthermore, nitrifying bacteria were isolated from compost samples by pour plate method using specific media for Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter. The results indicated that compost bedding samples with different composting time duration displayed different abundance and diversity of nitrifying bacteria. The current study was successfully isolated 39 and 47 nitrifying bacterial isolates using specific media for Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas, respectively. The highest diversity of nitrifying bacteria was gained from 12 days old compost bedding sample. Nitrifying bacterial isolates from compost bedding samples have significant role in odor emission declining as well as manure composting at sheep farm. The obtained bacterial isolates are also potentially to develop as bio-activator for compost bedding.

Pengaruh Pemberian Infusa Albedo Semangka terhadap Perubahan Ukuran Diameter Pulau Langerhans Pankreas Tikus Jantan (Rattus norvegicus) Diabetes Mellitus

Widi Pangestu Wilujeng — 2023-02-28

Diabetes Mellitus condition (DM) correlates with the damage that occur in pancreas especially in Langerhans islets, one of the damage indicators is diameter changes of Langerhans islets that getting smaller compare with the normal sizes. The use of natural ingredients to control diabetes mellitus can be done by infusing sweet beauty watermelon albedo which can be found abundant in traditional market. Albedo layer of watermelon contain antioxidant compounds that can help to regenerate Langerhans islets of pancreas. This study purpose was to know the effect of giving watermelon’s infusion albedo to diameter of Langerhans islets in diabetes mellitus rats (Rattus norvegicus), and analyze the potential process occurred based on the result as information source for other research. This study used 25 male rats (Rattus norvegicus) as animal model with 5 groups treatment which were normal group, positive group as control (DM without treatment), A group (DM+1000 mg/kgBB watermelon’s infusions albedo), B group (DM+1500 mg/kgBB watermelon’s infusions albedo), and C group (DM+2000 mg/kgBB watermelon’s infusions albedo). After all the treatments, the rats were anesthetized and dissected and then their pancreas was taken. The pancreas was processed into histological slides by fixing the pancreas in a fixative solution (10% formalin) then dehydrated in a series of graded ethanol and embedded in paraffin wax, cut at a thickness of 4 µm, and finally stained with hematoxylin-eosin dye for microscopic observation, according to the stages Histopathological analysis of the gonads was examined using standard methods. Data was collected by measuring the size of Langerhans islets with microscope Olympus CX33 and connected to the raster image application. Data results from this study indicate that watermelon’s infusion albedo had effect to increase the diameter of Langerhans islets of rat with diabetes mellitus

Gambaran Kualitas Lingkungan Sungai Cimandiri Akibat Cemaran Merkuri di Wilayah Penambangan Emas Skala Kecil (PESK) Kabupaten Sukabumi

Izza Hananingtyas — 2023-03-26

In Indonesia, ASGM has increased. This results in an increased risk of mercury pollution in the environment (Minamata Initial Assessment Report, 2019). The amalgamation process for ASGM in Sukabumi, it used mercury as basic material for amalgamation process. It can increase to negative impacts on the environment and humans. This study aims to describe the impact of mercury contamination on the environmental quality of the Cimandiri River around ASGM in Sukabumi District. This research was conducted using a laboratory test method with reference to PP No. 22 at 2021 and SNI 7387 at 2009. The results of the tests found that the highest mercury exposure occurred in aquatic biota (catfish, snakehead and eel) which exceeded the quality standard, although the media water and sediment does not exceed the quality standard. This indicates that the quality of the Cimandiri River is unsafe for biota due to mercury contamination in local biota around ASGM. Therefore, there is a need for further studies on the safety of local food products from the Cimandiri River.

Optimization of RNA Extraction from Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus

Saiku Rokhim — 2023-03-26

RNA extraction is the critical initial stage in analyzing certain gene expressions, further analysis using Real Time PCR technology, and performing virus detection. However, the process of extracting RNA is often hampered by the risk of contamination, resulting in low concentrations of RNA and low purity of RNA. This is often an obstacle in extracting mosquito RNA especially detecting Dengue Virus (Den-V). Dengue virus (Den-V) can cause dangerous diseases in humans such as Dengue Fever (DHF) which is transmitted through the bites of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. This study aims to find out the effective steps for extracting RNA from Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The method being compared is a commercial RNA extraction kit with modification (addition of β-mercaptoethanol) and without modification. The results showed that the best DNA concentration and purity were obtained in mosquito samples from modified process. The purity ratio of RNA extracted without modification was 1.971 (0.021 ± 0.800) while with modification it was 2.003 (0.011 ± 0.112). Aedes aegypti had a better average concentration of 7.146 µg/ml for unmodified RNA and 7.613 µg/ml for modified RNA. This research is expected to be a reference for further studies on viruses in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.